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]]>The ANS affects blood flows, digestion, the immune system, heart rate, sleep, etc. When the body needs to respond to a stressor, the fight or flight (sympathetic nervous system (SNS)) is activated. When the stressor is gone, the “rest and digest” (parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)) returns the body to normal functioning. In ME/CFS, POTS and FM, the fight or flight system has become unusually activated.
There was a talk on autoimmune autonomic gangliopathy (AAG) given by Steven Vernino at the recent Dysautonomia Conference.
Autoimmune autonomic gangliopathy (AAG) is interesting because it demonstrates how the immune system can take a two-by-four to the autonomic nervous system. Given the many people with ME/CFS, FM and POTS whose diseases were triggered by an infection; i.e. an immune response – that’s an intriguing fact.
Steve Vernino related how one 50 year old woman’s AAG began with a cold! Four days later, she was admitted to hospital with severe nausea, abdominal pain, tingling, blurry vision, and dizziness. Her blood pressure was doing weird things: lying down, her blood pressure was high normal, but standing up, it dropped to 80/56.
Since the ANS regulates blood pressure, those strange blood pressure readings suggested that her ANS wasn’t functioning properly. Other signs – dry mouth, enlarged pupils, and lack of sweating – also pointed to problems with the ANS. Her sensory and motor nerves – which run alongside ANS nerves – on the other hand, were normal.
What had happened? Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy (AAG) is a rare disease, but researchers ultimately uncovered what was going on. The ANS produces two kinds of nerve “ganglia” – areas where the nerves collect together. The parasympathetic nerve ganglia are found near the organs, while the sympathetic ganglia are found close to the spinal cord. Acetylcholine is used to open up a channel between one neuron and another – and activate the nerves.
Studies uncovered the presence of antibodies in AAG patients which attack the anti-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR) that are responsible for opening up the channel between two autonomic nerves. With the channel blocked, the signal cannot pass and the ANS cannot work. That’s why her blood pressure dropped severely when standing up. It’s why she had so many gut problems.
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]]>A stroke is triggered when a blood vessel in the brain gets blocked or bursts. A common analogy is that it’s like a heart attack in the brain. Blood vessels are critical as they carry nutrients and oxygen to the brain. When a stroke causes a blood vessel to block or rupture, the neurons in the brain are deprived of blood. Without blood, these cells starve and die. This damage triggers different physical and mental changes in stroke victims.
Fortunately, damaged brain cells are not beyond repair. They can regenerate — this process of creating new cells is called neurogenesis. The most rapid recovery usually occurs during the first three to four months after a stroke. However, recovery can continue well into the first and second year. A strong post-stroke care plan can make a world of difference.
What are the Effects of a Stroke?
Strokes can affect everyone differently depending on the severity of the stroke, which side of the brain was damaged, and a person’s overall health before the stroke. The side of the body most affected is opposite the side of the brain that was initially damaged.
Common physical, mental, and emotional symptoms following a stroke include:
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